非洲之南,彩虹之國——南非行走
![南非自助遊攻略](https://p2-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/51/wKgBs1fCaLuAWbkZAAkqoUH6PpE91.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n4-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/53/wKgBs1fCaMOAclCFAAoSXR4RDqA42.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://p1-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/81/78/wKgBs1fCsVmAUyX1ABHwvOAK9Xo07.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://p3-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/81/7A/wKgBs1fCsV2ADCPwAAou3WBv85k38.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://b3-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/81/85/wKgBs1fCsWuASrtpABxLPrsjTHs44.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://b2-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/81/8F/wKgBs1fCsXuAcOqJABJe-Y7WqLo58.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://b1-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/81/9B/wKgBs1fCsYeAWdxwABcavimUlk058.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n4-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/81/A4/wKgBs1fCsZqANDw_AAugFntLD5852.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://p3-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/59/wKgBs1fCaM6Ae2aoAAryeol1HMM73.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n3-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/5D/wKgBs1fCaNWAKcmnAAxHn43Wvmc67.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n3-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/61/wKgBs1fCaN-ACKSFAAr6NCjRJ6E64.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://b2-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/66/wKgBs1fCaOWAanhCAAisikVNzOQ00.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n1-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/69/wKgBs1fCaOyAHjxGAAsen7yp2Os03.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://p2-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/82/A2/wKgBs1fCsuOAFOsOAAl39I6Iq2M54.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n4-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/A3/wKgBs1fCaW2AKriEABAE6JhWTGw71.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
1939年這裡成為自然保護區,好望角東方2公里(1.2海裡)處,設有一座 燈塔 。
1487年8月, 葡萄牙 航海家迪亞士奉 葡萄牙 國王若奧二世之命,率兩艘輕快帆船和一艘運輸船自 裡斯本 出發,再次踏上遠征的航路。他的使命是探索繞過 非洲 大陸最南端通往 印度 的航路。迪亞士率領的船隊首先沿著以往航海家們走過的航路先到 加納 的埃爾米納,後經過剛果河口和克 羅斯 角,約於1488年1月間抵達現屬納米比業的盧得瑞次。船隊在那裡遇到了強烈的風暴。苦於疾病和風暴的船員們多數不願繼續冒險前行,數次請求返航。迪亞士力排眾議,堅持南行。船隊被風暴裹挾著在大洋中飄泊了13個晝夜,不知不覺間已經繞過了好望角。風暴停息後,對具體方位尚無清醒意識的迪亞士命令船隊掉轉船頭向東航行,以便靠近 非洲 西海岸。但船隊在連續航行了數日之後仍不見大陸。此時,迪亞士醒悟到船隊可能已經繞過了 非洲 大陸最南端,於是他下令折向北方行駛。1488年2月間,船隊終於駛入一個植被豐富的海灣,船員們還看到土著黑人正在那裡放牧牛羊,迪亞士遂將那裡命名為牧人灣(即今 南非 東部海岸的莫塞 爾灣 )。迪亞士本想繼續沿海岸線東行,無奈疲憊不堪的船員們歸心似箭,迪亞士只好下令返航。在返航途中,他們再次經過好望角時正值晴天麗日。 葡萄牙 歷史學家巴若斯在描寫這一激動人心的時刻時寫道:"船員們驚異地凝望著這個隱藏了多少世紀的壯美的岬角。他們不僅發現了一個突兀的海角,而且發現了一個新的世界。"感慨萬千的迪亞士據其經歷將其命名為"風暴角"。
1497年, 葡萄牙 航海家達·伽馬再率船隊探索直通 印度 的新航路。當年11月27日,達·伽馬的船隊再次繞過好望角,次年5月20日駛抵 印度 西海岸重鎮 卡利 庫特。又經歷了千辛萬苦之後,達·伽馬約於1499年9月1日前後返回 裡斯本 。
"好望角"一名的由來有著多種說法。最常見的說法有兩種:一說為迪亞士1488年12月回到 裡斯本 後,向若奧二世陳述了"風暴角"的見聞,若奧二世認為繞過這個海角,就有希望到達夢寐以求的 印度 ,因此將"風暴角"改名為"好望角";另一種說法是達·伽馬自 印度 滿載而歸後,當時的葡王才將"風暴角"易名為"好望角",以示繞過此海角就帶來了好運。
好望角為什麼有那麼大的巨浪呢?水文氣象學家探索了多年,終於揭開了其中的奧秘。好望角巨浪的生成除了與大氣環流特征有關外,還與當地海況及地理環境有著密切關係。好望角正處在盛行西風帶上,西風帶的特點是西風的風力很強,11級大風可謂家常便飯,這樣的氣象條件是形成好望角巨浪的外部原因。南半球是一個陸地小而水域遼闊的半球,自古就有"水半球"之稱;好望角接近南緯40度,而南緯40度至南極圈是一個圍繞地球一周的大水圈,廣闊的海區無疑是好望角巨浪生成的另一個原因。此外,在遼闊的海域,海流突然遇到好望角陸地的側向阻擋作用,也是巨浪形成的重要原因。因此,西方國家常把南半球的盛行西風帶稱為"咆哮西風帶",而把好望角的航線比作"鬼門關"。
![南非自助遊攻略](https://b2-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/A5/wKgBs1fCaXWAbBCNAAjh_rGbY1U69.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://p2-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/AB/wKgBs1fCaYSAY2ZUAA2sLS5LI3M89.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://b2-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/B0/wKgBs1fCaYuAX_NLAAyJsV64U6Q11.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n1-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/B3/wKgBs1fCaZWAbJMRAAvG60YAj4834.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://p2-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/B6/wKgBs1fCaZ6AUDCCAAqCaTYq1xU34.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://b3-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/BB/wKgBs1fCaaaAX2JOAAy_xtgTm5M19.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n2-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/BD/wKgBs1fCaaqANcETAAmxV6xMqag03.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://p1-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/BF/wKgBs1fCabCAXSUXAAoTkbApVok22.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://p1-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/C4/wKgBs1fCab6ACp3ZABd8UjHOLLg97.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n2-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/82/C1/wKgBs1fCsx-AYXLwABeHzfo4eW043.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://b1-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/82/C8/wKgBs1fCsy2APDBaABOln_vKhPY09.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n3-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/82/D1/wKgBs1fCsz6AQaHcABX96oiSUMQ75.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n4-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/C9/wKgBs1fCaciAP8NMAA0KVoeLfAc50.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n2-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/CC/wKgBs1fCadCAdGOFAAdxrxy_1HQ54.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)
![南非自助遊攻略](https://n2-q.mafengwo.net/s9/M00/56/D2/wKgBs1fCadmANAMtAAouHJ0oeSo76.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90)